什么是心脏病发作?

心脏病发作很可怕. 如果你有过这种经历，或者你身边有这种经历的人，你并不孤单. 许多人从心脏病发作中幸存下来，并继续享受富有成效的生活.

在你努力恢复的过程中, the frequently asked questions below can help you better underst和 what’s happened, 以及你的心如何愈合. 知识就是力量. 因此，利用这些信息来活得更健康、更长寿.

看看冠状动脉损伤是如何导致心脏病发作的.

心脏病问答

什么是心脏病发作?

你的心脏肌肉需要氧气才能存活. A 心脏病 occurs when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart muscle is severely reduced or cut off completely.

观看心脏和肺部之间血液流动的动画.

This happens when coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood flow become narrowed from a buildup of fat, 胆固醇和其他物质一起被称为斑块. 这个缓慢的过程被称为动脉粥样硬化.

When plaque within a heart artery breaks, a blood clot forms around the plaque. This blood clot can block the blood flow through the artery to the heart muscle.

缺血 is a condition in which the blood flow (和 thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body. 心脏缺血是指流向心脏肌肉的血流量和氧气减少. 由于缺血导致部分心肌损伤或死亡, 这叫做心脏病发作, 或心肌梗塞(MI).

在美国，大约每40秒就有一个人心脏病发作.

为什么我没有得到任何警告?

动脉粥样硬化的过程在早期可能没有症状. 但当动脉狭窄超过70%时, muscle pain or cramps may occur when tissue needs more oxygen than it’s able to receive.

当冠状动脉变窄并限制血液流动时, other nearby blood vessels that serve the heart sometimes exp和 to compensate, 这也许可以解释为什么没有预警信号.

Such a network of exp和ed nearby blood vessels is called collateral circulation, 和 it helps protect some people from 心脏病s by delivering needed blood to the heart. Collateral circulation can also develop after a 心脏病 to help the heart muscle recover.

我的心脏永久性受损了吗?

When a 心脏病 occurs, the heart muscle that has lost blood supply begins to suffer injury. The amount of damage to the heart muscle depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery 和 the time between injury 和 treatment.

因心脏病发作而受损的心肌通过形成疤痕组织来愈合. 你的心肌通常需要几个星期才能痊愈. The length of time depends on the extent of your injury 和 your rate of healing.

心脏是一个坚硬的器官. Even though part of it may have been severely injured, the rest of the heart keeps working. But, because of the damage, your heart may be weakened, 和 unable to pump as much blood as usual.

与适当的治疗和生活方式的改变心脏病发作后，进一步的损害是可以限制或预防的.

了解更多关于心脏损伤检测.

我的心脏病发作需要多长线上电子游戏飞禽走兽才能恢复?

和你的健康护理专家谈谈你的恢复线上电子游戏飞禽走兽. 心脏病发作的恢复期可长可短，并发症可多可少. It depends on the size 和 location of the damage 和 treatment of your 心脏病.

在受损区域, scar tissue may form 和 doesn’t contract or pump as well as healthy muscle tissue. 结果是, the extent of damage to the heart muscle can affect how well the heart pumps blood throughout the body.

How much pumping function is lost depends on the size 和 location of the scar tissue. 大多数心脏病幸存者都有某种程度的冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 和 will have to make important 生活方式的改变和 possibly take medication to prevent a future 心脏病. 采取这些步骤可以帮助你过上充实而富有成效的生活.

了解更多关于心脏病发作后恢复.

所有的胸痛都是心脏病吗?

No. But if you have chest pain or discomfort, see a health care professional right away. 一种常见的胸痛叫做心绞痛. 这是一种反复出现的不适，通常只持续几分钟. Angina occurs when your heart muscle doesn’t get the blood supply 和 oxygen that it needs 和 is a signal that you’re at higher risk of having a 心脏病.

The difference between 心绞痛和 a 心脏病 is that 心绞痛 attacks don’t permanently damage the heart muscle.

不同类型的心绞痛包括:

稳定型心绞痛，或心绞痛. It often occurs during exercise or emotional stress when your heart rate 和 blood pressure increase, 你的心脏肌肉需要更多的氧气. 了解更多关于稳定型心绞痛的知识.
不稳定性心绞痛. 几种急性冠状动脉综合征之一, 它发生在你休息或睡觉的时候, 或者用很少的体力消耗. 这让人感到意外. 不稳定性心绞痛 can lead to a 心脏病和 it should be treated as an emergency. 了解更多不稳定型心绞痛.

心脏病发作有哪些不同的医学术语?

急性冠脉综合征(ACS): The umbrella term is for situations in which the blood supplied to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked. 了解更多关于ACS.

STEMI: st段抬高型心肌梗死的通用名称, 它是由冠状动脉完全堵塞引起的.

NSTEMI: A non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction is when an artery is partially blocked 和 severely reduces blood flow.

心肌梗死(MI): It occurs when an area of the heart muscle (myocardium) is damaged or dies after blood supply is blocked. 这是心脏病发作的经典医学术语.

冠状动脉血栓形成: It occurs when a clot is formed in one of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. 它也被称为冠状动脉闭塞.

冠状动脉阻塞: An obstruction of a coronary artery that hinders blood flow to some part of the heart muscle 和会导致心脏病发作吗.

除了血管阻塞外，心脏病发作还有其他原因吗?

有时冠状动脉会暂时收缩或痉挛. When this happens, the artery narrows 和 blood flow to part of the heart muscle decreases or stops.

A spasm can occur in normal-appearing blood vessels as well as in vessels partly blocked by 动脉粥样硬化. A 严重的痉挛 会导致心脏病发作吗.

心脏病发作的另一个罕见原因是 自发性冠状动脉剥离 (许多)这是冠状动脉壁的自发撕裂.

心脏病发作和心脏骤停有什么不同?

People often use these terms to mean the same thing, but they describe different events.

心脏病发作是指流向心脏的血液被阻塞. 这是一个循环问题.

与 sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), the heart malfunctions 和 suddenly stops beating. Sudden cardiac arrest is an electrical problem caused by irregular heart rhythms called arrhythmias. 心室颤动是一种常见且可能致命的心律失常. This happens when the heart’s lower chambers suddenly start beating chaotically 和 don’t pump blood.

心脏病发作会导致心室纤维性颤动这反过来又会导致心脏骤停. 心脏停止跳动几分钟内就会死亡.

Cardiac arrest may be reversed if 心肺复苏 (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is performed 和 a defibrillator is used within minutes to shock the heart 和 restore a normal heart rhythm.

了解更多关于心脏病发作和心脏骤停的区别.